Synthesis and Characterization of Nanomaterials for Application in Cost-Effective Electrochemical Devices

Nanomaterials have gained significant attention as a remarkable class of materials due to their unique properties and the fact that they encompass wide range samples with at least one dimension ranging from 1 100 nm. The deliberate design nanoparticles enables achievement extremely large surface areas. In field cost-effective electrochemical devices for energy storage conversion applications, nanomaterials emerged key area research. Their exceptional physical chemical led extensive investigations aimed improving performance cost-effectiveness devices, including batteries, supercapacitors, fuel cells. continuous development enhancement these high-performance are driven by demand enhanced productivity, connectivity, sustainability reduced cost. This review focuses on electrodes, storage, sensors (ES) based nanotechnology. It discusses application nanotechnology in electrochemistry water purification fate substances water, while also introducing green cost-effective, high-fidelity product creation through methods. study emphasizes synthesis novel nanomaterials, such metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent organic (COFs), MXenes, applications devices. Furthermore, it explores integration nanostructures systems economically future along challenges faced nanotechnology-based industries. paper interplay between biosensors, which play vital role Overall, this provides comprehensive overview significance conversion. highlights need further research rapidly evolving serves valuable resource researchers engineers interested latest advancements